Kewenangan Tentara Nasional Indonesia dalam Operasi Militer Non-Perang Perspektif Pasal 30 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. (The Authority of the Indonesian National Armed Forces in Non-War Military Operations from the Perspective of Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia).

Siregar, Mhd Alfansyah (2025) Kewenangan Tentara Nasional Indonesia dalam Operasi Militer Non-Perang Perspektif Pasal 30 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. (The Authority of the Indonesian National Armed Forces in Non-War Military Operations from the Perspective of Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Kewenangan negara dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia harus dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip negara hukum, supremasi konstitusi, dan pengendalian sipil atas kekuatan bersenjata. Pasal 30 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 secara eksplisit menempatkan Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) sebagai alat negara di bidang pertahanan, sementara fungsi keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat menjadi kewenangan institusi sipil. Namun, perkembangan regulasi melalui perubahan Undang-Undang tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia menunjukkan adanya perluasan pelaksanaan Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP) yang semakin bersentuhan dengan ranah non-pertahanan dan urusan sipil. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan persoalan yuridis mengenai batas kewenangan TNI serta kesesuaiannya dengan mandat konstitusional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah perluasan kewenangan TNI ke ranah non-perang melampaui ketentuan Pasal 30 UUD NRI Tahun 1945 serta mengkaji konsekuensi hukumnya terhadap prinsip negara hukum dan mekanisme checks and balances. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang undangan dan konseptual, melalui kajian terhadap norma konstitusi, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan doktrin hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perluasan kewenangan TNI tanpa pengaturan yang tegas dan mekanisme pengawasan yang efektif berpotensi menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan dengan institusi sipil serta melemahkan prinsip supremasi sipil, sehingga diperlukan pengaturan hukum yang lebih komprehensif untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan konstitusionalitas pelibatan TNI dalam ranah non-perang.

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