Hubungan Antara Modal Psikologis dengan Kecemasan Terhadap Kematian yang Dimediasi oleh Kualitas Hidup pada Lansia di Surabaya. (The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Anxiety About Death Mediated by Quality of Life in the Elderly in Surabaya).

Amrullah, Bayu Aji (2025) Hubungan Antara Modal Psikologis dengan Kecemasan Terhadap Kematian yang Dimediasi oleh Kualitas Hidup pada Lansia di Surabaya. (The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Anxiety About Death Mediated by Quality of Life in the Elderly in Surabaya). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Masa lanjut usia merupakan tahap perkembangan akhir dalam kehidupan manusia yang ditandai dengan berbagai perubahan biologis, psikologis, dan sosial. Salah satu isu psikologis yang kerap muncul pada lansia adalah kecemasan terhadap kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara modal psikologis dan kecemasan terhadap kematian, dengan kualitas hidup sebagai variabel mediasi pada lansia di Surabaya. Modal psikologis didefinisikan sebagai sumber daya psikologis positif yang terdiri dari harapan, efikasi diri, resiliensi, dan optimisme. Sementara itu, kualitas hidup mencakup aspek kesehatan fisik, kesejahteraan psikologis, hubungan sosial, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei dan teknik analisis mediasi. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia berusia 60 tahun ke atas yang berdomisili di Surabaya, dengan jumlah sampel minimal ditentukan menggunakan G*Power. Instrumen yang digunakan mencakup skala Psychological Capital (Luthans dkk, 2007), skala WHOQOL-BREF (WHO, 1995), dan Death Anxiety Scale (Wong dkk, 1994). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) melalui perangkat lunak JASP dengan teknik bootstrap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara modal psikologis dan kecemasan terhadap kematian. Selain itu, kualitas hidup terbukti memediasi hubungan tersebut secara signifikan. Artinya, lansia dengan tingkat modal psikologis yang tinggi cenderung memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih baik, yang pada gilirannya menurunkan tingkat kecemasan terhadap kematian. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi penting dalam pengembangan intervensi psikologis untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan lansia melalui penguatan modal psikologis dan kualitas hidup.

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