Turn Taking Strategies Used By Donald Trum and Hillary Clinton In The First Presidential Debate 2016

Natalia, Desi Dwi (2019) Turn Taking Strategies Used By Donald Trum and Hillary Clinton In The First Presidential Debate 2016. Undergraduate thesis, Untag 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

After analyzing the data of the first presidential debate between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the previous chapter, in this chapter arrives at the conclusion. The conclusion is obtained based on the analysis to answer the problems of the study. This study demonstrates turn-taking strategies used by Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the first presidential debate. They are divided into three kinds of turn-taking strategies: taking the turn strategy, holding the turn strategy and yielding the turn strategy. Those strategies are divided again into sub strategies: taking the turn is divided into three areas: starting up, taking over and interrupting, holding the turn is divided into four areas: filled pause or verbal filler, lexical repetition, silent pause and new start, and the last is yielding the turn that is divided into three areas: prompting, appealing and giving up. In this presidential debate, the participants do not applies all of the sub strategies when they are speaking or debating. The sub strategies that are not used in the debate: new start and giving up strategies. This study found 117 data that contained turn-taking strategy used in the debate. Theory that is used to analyze the debate is Stenstrom theory (1994). In this research, taking the turn has the highest frequency in use about 77 data, especially interrupting strategy with 43 data, which is divided into 40 data for alert strategy and 3 data for meta-comment strategy. Meanwhile, starting up has 24 data and 10 data for taking over. Beside, taking over strategy, holding the turn has 19 data and the highest frequency is lexical repetition about 15 data. The speakers often hold the turn by using lexical repetition than others. And the last, yielding the turn has 21 data which is divided into 19 data for prompting and 2 data for appealing strategy. It can be concluded that the participants of the debate prefer to use taking the turn strategy than holding and yielding when they keep on speaking. Interrupting strategy especially alert strategy is often used because the debaters want to take the turn continuously. Also, the debaters often use starting up strategy especially clean start because the debaters has prepared well for this debate. Prompting strategy is also used many times to ask for opinion or question to the debaters. This study focuses on turn-taking strategies used in the first presidential debate. It is interesting to analyze because the topic of the debate is about political or presidential debate. Therefore, this study might give some information and knowledge about conversation analysis especially political issues.

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