Analisis Sengketa Ballast Water Pada Kemaritiman Atas Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Berdasarkan Ballast Water Management and Sediment Convention (BWMC) 2004

Helmi, Putra Joehanda (2022) Analisis Sengketa Ballast Water Pada Kemaritiman Atas Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Berdasarkan Ballast Water Management and Sediment Convention (BWMC) 2004. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini pada dasarnya memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui penyelesaian sengketa mengenai pencemaran lingkungan laut berupa Invasive Alien Species akibat pengelolaan Ballast Water berdasarkan pada Ballast Water Management and Sediment Convention tahun 2004. Dalam prakteknya laut sering digunakan sebagai trade route. Namun dalam studi kasusnya bahwa sebagian besar kelautan dunia saat ini telah tercemar akibat dari kapal kapal terutama kapal ekspedisi yang melalui jalur laut. Kapal memiliki suatu system yaitu Ballast Water, digunakan sebagai pemberat bertujuan sebagai penyeimbang ketika kapal berlayar di perairan. Inilah sumber utama yang menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan laut terutama oleh Invasive Aliens Species. Dengan pertimbangan tersebut Internasional Maritime Organization (IMO) membentuk konvensi yaitu Ballast Water Management Sediment Convention pada tahun 2004. Konvensi tersebut mengatur mengenai pengelolaan air balas untuk meminimalisir kerusakan lingkungan laut akibat Invasive Aliens Species. Sebanyak 45 Negara telah meratifikasi konvensi tersebut, Namun beberapa Negara yang telah meratifikasi konvensi tersebut membuat pedoman atau pengaturan sendiri untuk mengatur pengelolaan air balas di wilayahnya. Itu disebabkan konvensi yang dibentuk oleh IMO tidak sepenuhnya menanggulangi peningkatan Invasive Aliens Species di daerah yang baru yang mengalami pencemaran laut akibat pengelolaan Ballast Water. Namun beberapa Negara ada yang masih yang bergantung pada pengaturan menurut konvensi tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan ialah metode yuridis normatif yaitu melakukan pengkajian terhadap aturan hokum dan penerapan BWMC terkait pengelolaan air balas. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada penyelesaian sengketa mengenai pencemaran laut oleh Invasive Aliens Species akibat pengelolaan air balas. Kata Kunci :Ballast Water, Invasive Aliens Specises, Sengketa, BWMC

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