Pengaturan Penghinaan Terhadap Pemerintah Dalam KUHP Pasca Putusan MK No. 105/PUU-XXII/2024. (Rules About Insulting the Government in the Criminal Code After the Constitutional Court Ruling No. 105/PUU-XXII/2024).

Ardiansyah, Heskey (2025) Pengaturan Penghinaan Terhadap Pemerintah Dalam KUHP Pasca Putusan MK No. 105/PUU-XXII/2024. (Rules About Insulting the Government in the Criminal Code After the Constitutional Court Ruling No. 105/PUU-XXII/2024). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Amidst the increasing criminalization of netizens for tweets, comments, and content on social media, Constitutional Court Decision No. 105/PUU-XXII/2024 has further shifted the direction of defamation regulation in Indonesia. This thesis examines how the ratio decidendi of the decision intersects with the application of Article 240 of the new Criminal Code in the context of a democratic state that guarantees freedom of expression and human rights. This research is a normative legal research with legislative, conceptual, and analytical approaches to the Constitutional Court's decisions. The legal materials reviewed include the 1945 Constitution, the 2023 Criminal Code, the ITE Law and its amendments, Constitutional Court Decision No. 105/PUU-XXII/2024 and related decisions, as well as criminal law and human rights doctrine over the past five years. The analysis is conducted qualitatively by connecting the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court, the construction of the defamation offense, and standards of freedom of expression in a democratic state governed by the rule of law. Research findings indicate that the Constitutional Court's ruling strictly limits the term "other person" to individual subjects, thus interpreting honor offenses as protecting personal dignity, not institutional dignity. Therefore, Article 240 of the Criminal Code must be interpreted restrictively: complaints originate from individual victims, while criticism of institutional policies and performance falls within the protected realm of the freedom of expression regime. Normatively, this configuration strengthens freedom of expression and reduces the potential for criminalization of criticism, but simultaneously demands consistent interpretation by law enforcement, a mature digital culture, and harmonization between the Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and international human rights standards.

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