Analisa Pengaruh Pembebanan Pada Sistem Eksitasi Generator Unit Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Siman. (Analysis of the Effect of Loading on the Excitation System of the Generator Unit at Siman Hydroelectric Power Plant).

Pratama, Mochamad Ariandhani (2025) Analisa Pengaruh Pembebanan Pada Sistem Eksitasi Generator Unit Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Siman. (Analysis of the Effect of Loading on the Excitation System of the Generator Unit at Siman Hydroelectric Power Plant). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Keberadaan energi alternatif di era ini sangat dibutuhkan, guna menopang kebutuhan energi, dalam menanggapi permasalahan ini maka operasional dan efisiensi dari sebuah pembangkit harus sangat diperhatikan. Generator merupakan salah satu komponen yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan PLTA, begitu juga dengan sistem eksitasi. Menanggapi betapa pentingnya peran sistem eksitasi dalam sebuah pembangkitan energi listrik yang menjadi latar belakang dilakukannya analisa pengaruh arus pembebanan terhadap sistem eksitasi pada unit pembangkit energi listrik Siman. Penelitian ini dilakukan analisis pengaruh pembebanan pada sistem eksitasi generator di PLTA Siman, dan akan berfokus pada pemahaman hubungan antara arus pembebanan dan arus eksitasi serta dampaknya terhadap kinerja generator. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara arus pembebanan dan arus eksitasi. Pada generator unit 1 pada tahun 2019 arus pembebanan bernilai 314 A dengan arus eksitasi bernilai 289 A lalu pada tahun selanjutnya, arus pembebanan mengalami penurunan diangka 225 A dengan arus eksitasi juga akan mengalami penurunan nilai menjadi 252 A. Pada generator unit 2 pada tahun 2020 menuju 2021 terjadi kenaikan arus pembebanan dari yang mula mula sebesar 214 A menjadi 265 A dengan arus eksitasi sebesar 182 A lalu naik di 245 A. Beberapa kondisi menunjukkan bahwa ketika arus pembebanan mengalami perubahan, arus eksitasi juga mengalami perubahan, tetapi tidak selalu secara proporsional. Hal ini menyebabkan hubungan antara arus eksitasi dan arus pembebanan menjadi tidak linier. Ketidaklinieran tersebut dapat dijelaskan oleh fenomena saturasi magnetik, di mana inti magnet mencapai batas kapasitasnya untuk menampung fluks magnetik. Akibatnya, peningkatan arus eksitasi tidak lagi menghasilkan hubungan linier antara medan magnet dan daya reaktif, karena inti magnet telah mencapai saturasi. Sebagai contoh fenomena ini terlihat pada pembebanan unit 1 tahun 2019, dimana arus pembebanan tercatat sebesar 314 A dan arus eksitasi tercatat sebesar 289 dengan daya reaktif sebesar 0,1 MVAR. Namun, pada tahun 2023, meskipun arus pembebanan dan arus eksitasi hanya sedikit menurun menjadi 299 A dan 289 A, daya reaktif justru meningkat signifikan menjadi 0,3 MVAR. Peningkatan daya reaktif yang tidak sebanding dengan perubahan arus pembebanan ini mengindikasikan adanya saturasi magnetik pada inti magnet. Pada penelitian ini juga didapatkan hasil dari efisiensi dari generator berkisar sebesar 61% hingga 92%.

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