Analisa Pengaruh Diameter Runner, Sudut Nosel, Jarak Pancaran Air, dan Diameter Nosel terhadap Performa Turbin Pelton Mikrohidro. (Analysis of The Effect of Runner Diameter, Nozzle Angle, Water Jet Distance and Nozzle Diameter on Microhydro Pelton Turbine Performance).

Basory, Akdiem Khailani and Azrial, Moh Andi (2023) Analisa Pengaruh Diameter Runner, Sudut Nosel, Jarak Pancaran Air, dan Diameter Nosel terhadap Performa Turbin Pelton Mikrohidro. (Analysis of The Effect of Runner Diameter, Nozzle Angle, Water Jet Distance and Nozzle Diameter on Microhydro Pelton Turbine Performance). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

This research determines the effect of variations in runner diameter, nozzle angle, air jet distance, and nozzle diameter on the generated generator power, turbine rotation and turbine system efficiency. The runner of the Pelton turbine being tested is made of aluminum which is relatively more resistant to corrosion and lighter, while the nozzle of the Pelton turbine being tested is made of Teflon which is relatively lighter and makes the nozzle lighter than metal or iron materials. Variations in runner diameter using sizes 110 mm, 115 mm, and 120 mm were tested with variations in nozzle angles ∠1=0° , ∠2= 45°, and ∠3= 60°, while for variations in the distance of the water jet using distances of 12 cm, 13 cm , and 14 cm tested with variations in nozzle diameter of 9 mm, 10 mm and 11 mm . For the data collection test, the turbine rotation speed, electric voltage and electric current are generated after being loaded using an incandescent lamp. From the test results on variations in runner diameter and nozzle angle, it was found that 110 mm runner diameter variations obtained generator power values, and turbine efficiency was relatively greater than other runner diameter variations. This shows that the smaller the diameter of the runner, the higher the rotation of the turbine produced, the performance of the turbine also increases. Meanwhile, the variation of the nozzle angle of 0° also gets the value of generator power and turbine efficiency which is relatively greater than the variation of the nozzle angle of 45° and 60°, this shows that the nozzle angle affects the value of turbine performance, but the nozzle angle according to the planning calculation becomes the variation that has better performance, the turbine performance is highest in the 110 mm runner diameter variation with a nozzle angle of 0° which produces a generator power of 8,694 Watts, and a turbine efficiency of 16,93%. While the test results on the variations in the distance of the water jet and the diameter of the nozzle found that the variation of the distance of the water jet is 12 cm, the generator power value is obtained, and the efficiency of the turbine is relatively greater than the variation of the water jet distance of 13 cm and 14 cm. This shows that the closer the beam distance, the faster the resulting rotation, the performance of the turbine also increases. Meanwhile, variations in nozzle diameter of 9 mm also obtain generator power values, and turbine efficiency is relatively greater than variations in nozzle diameters of 10 mm and 11 mm. This shows that the smaller the nozzle hole affects the turbine performance value. The highest turbine performance was obtained at the variation of the water jet distance of 12 cm with a nozzle diameter of 9 mm with a generator power value of 8.637 Watt, and a turbine efficiency of 16,98%. Keywords : Pelton turbine, turbine performance, runner diameter, nozzle angle, jet distance, nozzle diameter, turbine efficiency.

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