Politeness Expressions and Strategies in Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler, Anton Chekov’s The Proposal and Alice Childress’ The World on a Hill

Ariani, Anisah Dwi (2017) Politeness Expressions and Strategies in Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler, Anton Chekov’s The Proposal and Alice Childress’ The World on a Hill. Undergraduate thesis, Untag 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

This study on politeness expressions and strategies in Hendrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler, Anton Chekov’s The Proposal and Alice Childress’The World on a Hill aims to find the kind of the politeness expression and the strategies in the three plays. The study intends to answer the questions on the forms, the strategies and speech acts, also the factors influencing the used of politeness expressions in Hendrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler, Anton Chekov’s The Proposal and Alice Childress’ The World on a Hill. The study assumes that the choices of politeness expressions and strategies are related to face threatening acts (FTAs) towards both the speaker and the hearer. The data for this qualitative descriptive study are dialogues from the plays whose texts are taken from internet source and printed versions. The study involves one hundred twenty five (125) data taken from the three plays. The study found that, firstly, politeness strategies can be identified by the form, they are declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamative to describe the type of the sentence. Secondly, politeness strategies can be identified by the strategies and speech acts. The study found twenty eight (28) data use the strategy of bald on record, forty nine (49) data are positive politeness, thirty (30) data are negative politeness, and eighteen (18) data use the strategy of off record expressions, consisting of assertive, directive, commissive, verdictive, expressive and phatic speech acts that are used to differ the utterance based on the purpose. Last, identification of factors of politeness strategy, Payoffs factor is chosen by the speaker by considering the benefit of each strategy. The payoff factor can explain the relationship between the strategy and the reason for choosing the strategy. The second factor is circumstance that is divided into social distance and size of imposition. In the social distance factor, all strategies of politeness can be used by both speaker and hearer that have less and great distance. Then, from the study, the size of imposition can not be measured from the size of distance.

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