Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Atas Kealpaan Artificial Intelligence Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan. (Criminal Liability for Negligence of Artificial Intelligence in Health Services).

Yunita, Asti (2025) Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Atas Kealpaan Artificial Intelligence Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan. (Criminal Liability for Negligence of Artificial Intelligence in Health Services). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant changes in the field of health, particularly in improving the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis and prescription of medication. Despite its enormous benefits, the use of AI also raises the potential for negligence that could harm patients. The main challenge arises because AI is not recognized as a legal entity in the Criminal Code, so it cannot be directly prosecuted. This study examines two main aspects, namely the urgency of regulating criminal liability for negligence of artificial intelligence in health services in Indonesia and the form of criminal liability for negligence of artificial intelligence in health services in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research, with a statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study show that the need for regulation is driven by three reasons, namely the development of AI use in health services in Indonesia, legal gaps in determining responsible parties, and the need for legal certainty and patient protection. Therefore, specific rules are needed so that technological advances are in line with legal protection. Other findings reveal that a criminal liability model can be developed through the establishment of specific regulations (lex specialis) that comprehensively regulate AI in healthcare services, through a risk-based approach while integrating human-centric principles to protect patient rights by recognizing AI as a limited legal subject with the application of the Perpetration via Another Model (PVM) or Natural Probable Consequence Liability Model (NPCLM). This situation differs from that of the European Union, which has established a risk-based AI Act and categorized AI medical devices as high-risk systems, Singapore with its Accountability-Based Framework Model, and Japan through its Social Principles of Human-Centric in the AI Promotion Act. Therefore, national regulations are needed to establish standards for AI use, medical audit mechanisms, and the construction of criminal liability in accordance with the Indonesian legal system.

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