Pemblokiran Rekening oleh Pusat Pelaporan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. (Account Blocking by the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center from a Human Rights Perspective).

Erfansyah, M. Reza (2025) Pemblokiran Rekening oleh Pusat Pelaporan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. (Account Blocking by the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center from a Human Rights Perspective). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji kewenangan hukum Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK) terkait pemblokiran rekening. Pemblokiran rekening ditempatkan sebagai langkah preventif untuk memutus pergerakan dana yang diduga berhubungan dengan tindak pidana pencucian uang, sehingga akses terhadap rekening dapat dihentikan sementara sebelum kerugian meluas. Potensi persoalan muncul saat pembatasan itu menyentuh hak kepemilikan warga negara yang dijamin Pasal 28H ayat (4) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan Pasal 36 Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada pertanyaan mengenai dasar kewenangan PPATK, ruang gerak tindakan pemblokiran, dan batasannya agar tidak berubah menjadi tindakan sewenang-wenang. Metode yang digunakan ialah penelitian hukum normatif, memadukan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa dasar kewenangan PPATK diatur dalam Pasal 44 ayat (1) UndangUndang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut wajib berpijak pada prinsip due process of law, agar pembatasan atas harta benda tetap dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum. Pengaturan yang dibutuhkan perlu menegaskan durasi pemblokiran, tata cara pemberitahuan kepada pemilik rekening, serta jalur korektif ketika pemblokiran dinilai tidak berdasar.Penegasan semacam itu membantu menjaga akuntabilitas PPATK sekaligus memberi kepastian hukum bagi nasabah. Kebutuhan utama yang terlihat ialah adanya mekanisme hukum yang lebih tegas, misalnya pengaturan prosedur, pengawasan, serta ukuran proporsionalitas secara terbuka dan terukur, sehingga upaya negara mencegah kejahatan keuangan berjalan seiring perlindungan hak individu atas harta benda.

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