Pertanggungjawaban Ahli Waris Berstatus Warga Negara Asing Dalam Proses Kepailitan di Indonesia. (Liability of Heirs Who Are Foreign Nationals in Bankruptcy Proceedings in Indonesia).

Putri, Melvina Indria (2025) Pertanggungjawaban Ahli Waris Berstatus Warga Negara Asing Dalam Proses Kepailitan di Indonesia. (Liability of Heirs Who Are Foreign Nationals in Bankruptcy Proceedings in Indonesia). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabya.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kedudukan hukum debitur waris yang berstatus Warga Negara Asing (WNA) serta hak dan bentuk pertanggungjawaban ahli waris WNA dalam perkara kepailitan di Indonesia. Seiring meningkatnya globalisasi, keterlibatan WNA dalam hubungan hukum lintas negara, termasuk dalam hal warisan dan kepailitan, semakin sering terjadi. Permasalahan hukum muncul ketika debitur yang telah meninggal dunia adalah seorang WNA namun meninggalkan harta warisan yang berada di wilayah Indonesia atau memiliki kaitan hukum lain yang relevan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debitur waris yang berstatus WNA tetap dapat menjadi subjek dalam perkara kepailitan di Indonesia, selama terdapat unsur keterkaitan hukum dengan yurisdiksi Indonesia. Keterkaitan ini dapat berupa keberadaan harta peninggalan di wilayah Indonesia, adanya kreditur yang berdomisili di Indonesia, atau aktivitas usaha pewaris yang dijalankan di Indonesia sebelum meninggal dunia. Dengan demikian, status kewarganegaraan tidak menjadi penghalang bagi pengadilan niaga untuk memproses permohonan pailit sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Sementara itu, ahli waris WNA memiliki hak untuk menentukan sikap terhadap warisan yang ditinggalkan, yakni menerima secara murni, menerima dengan hak inventarisasi, atau menolak warisan. Tanggung jawab atas utang pewaris hanya muncul jika warisan diterima. Dalam hal ini, prinsip asas teritorialitas yang dianut oleh hukum Indonesia menjadikan seluruh proses kepailitan yang menyangkut objek warisan di Indonesia tetap tunduk pada hukum nasional, termasuk terhadap ahli waris yang berstatus WNA. Kata kunci: kepailitan, ahli waris, warga negara asing

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