Pengaruh Variasi Arus Dan Media Pendingin Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Struktur Mikro Baja Karbon Rendah Dengan Pengelasan SMAW. (The Effect of Current Variation and Cooling Medium on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Low Carbon Steel with SMAW Welding).

Putra, Atonius Hutama (2025) Pengaruh Variasi Arus Dan Media Pendingin Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Struktur Mikro Baja Karbon Rendah Dengan Pengelasan SMAW. (The Effect of Current Variation and Cooling Medium on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Low Carbon Steel with SMAW Welding). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

In line with ongoing advancements in construction technology, welding has become a key process across various industrial applications, including building structures, bridges, and the transportation sector. This research investigates the impact of different welding current levels and cooling media on the mechanical properties and microstructure of low carbon steel, employing the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) technique. The experimental work utilized LB E7018 electrodes with a diameter of 3.2 mm, applying two current settings 120 A and 140 A and two cooling media: used lubricating oil and cooking oil. The study involved tensile strength testing, Rockwell hardness measurement using the A scale, and microstructural evaluation through metallographic microscopy. The material examined was low carbon steel containing less than 0.25% carbon, with all procedures carried out under controlled experimental conditions. The findings revealed that both current intensity and cooling medium type had a substantial influence on the material’s mechanical behavior and internal structure. The highest tensile strength, measured at 436.181 kgf/mm², was achieved when cooking oil was used as the quenching medium under a 140 A current. On the other hand, the maximum hardness value, recorded at 19.5 HRA, occurred in the weld zone with used oil at 120 A. Microstructural analysis indicated a predominance of pearlite in the weld metal, while ferrite phases were more dominant in the base metal region. The interaction between current levels and cooling agents played a crucial role in defining the variations observed in strength, hardness, and metallurgical phases. Among the conditions tested, cooking oil consistently provided the most favorable outcomes in terms of mechanical and structural performance.

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