Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pendonor Organ yang Berkeadilan. (Fair Legal Protection for Organ Donors).

Nurrahmah, Evanadya Izza (2025) Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pendonor Organ yang Berkeadilan. (Fair Legal Protection for Organ Donors). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan secara tegas melarang segala bentuk praktik jual beli dan komersialisasi organ tubuh manusia dalam kondisi apa pun. Larangan ini bertujuan untuk mencegah praktik perdagangan organ yang bertentangan dengan nilai etika dan prinsip kemanusiaan dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Namun, undang-undang tersebut belum menjelaskan secara rinci batasan makna istilah “jual beli” dan “komersialisasi,” sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam praktiknya. Permasalahan menjadi semakin kompleks ketika penerima organ memberikan sejumlah uang kepada pendonor sebagai bentuk rasa terima kasih tanpa adanya perjanjian yang dibuat. Berdasarkan Pasal 1457 KUH Perdata, suatu perbuatan hukum dapat digolongkan sebagai jual beli jika memenuhi tiga unsur, yaitu adanya kesepakatan antara dua pihak yang sah, objek yang jelas, dan pembayaran harga tertentu sebagai imbalan. Apabila ketiga unsur tersebut terpenuhi, maka tindakan tersebut secara hukum merupakan jual beli, meskipun objeknya adalah organ tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menelaah Undang-Undang Kesehatan dan peraturan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya regulasi tambahan yang secara jelas membedakan antara penghargaan sukarela dan praktik jual beli ilegal, guna memberikan kepastian hukum dan melindungi para pihak, khususnya pendonor yang bertindak atas dasar kemanusiaan.

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