Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pengungsi Rohingya Terhadap Hak Atas Suaka di Indonesia. (Legal Protection for Rohingya Refugees Regarding the Right to Asylum in Indonesia).

Mutthu, Zamirah Zahra (2025) Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pengungsi Rohingya Terhadap Hak Atas Suaka di Indonesia. (Legal Protection for Rohingya Refugees Regarding the Right to Asylum in Indonesia). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Indonesia hingga saat ini belum memiliki undang-undang khusus yang mengatur secara komprehensif mengenai perlindungan terhadap pengungsi, termasuk pengungsi Rohingya. Ketidakterikatan Indonesia terhadap Konvensi 1951 dan Protokol 1967 tentang Status Pengungsi menjadikan status hukum pengungsi di Indonesia berada dalam posisi yang tidak pasti. Dalam praktiknya, pengungsi kerap diposisikan sebagai imigran ilegal berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian. Meskipun demikian, pemerintah Indonesia tetap menunjukkan komitmen kemanusiaan melalui penerbitan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi dari Luar Negeri. Peraturan ini menjadi dasar pemberian perlindungan sementara dan kerja sama dengan lembaga internasional seperti UNHCR dan IOM. Pemerintah Indonesia juga menjunjung prinsip non-refoulement sebagai bagian dari hukum kebiasaan internasional. Perlindungan terhadap pengungsi Rohingya dilakukan dalam dua bentuk, yakni preventif dan represif. Perlindungan preventif meliputi penyediaan tempat tinggal sementara, akses layanan kesehatan, dan bantuan kebutuhan pokok. Sementara itu, perlindungan represif diberikan ketika terjadi pelanggaran hukum yang menyasar pengungsi, seperti kekerasan atau perdagangan manusia. Upaya-upaya ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara hukum belum terikat secara internasional, Indonesia tetap berupaya menjalankan kewajiban kemanusiaan demi memenuhi hak-hak dasar pengungsi, meskipun dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan seperti keterbatasan anggaran dan resistensi masyarakat lokal. Kata Kunci : Rohingya, Pengungsi, Perlindungan Hukum ABSTRACT Indonesia does not yet have specific legislation that comprehensively regulates the protection of refugees, including Rohingya refugees. Indonesia’s non-ratification of the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol has resulted in the legal status of refugees in the country remaining uncertain. In practice, refugees are often treated as illegal immigrants under Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. Nevertheless, the Indonesian government has demonstrated its humanitarian commitment through the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning the Handling of Refugees from Abroad. This regulation serves as the legal basis for providing temporary protection and for cooperation with international organizations such as UNHCR and IOM. The Indonesian government also upholds the principle of non-refoulement as part of customary international law. Protection for Rohingya refugees is provided in two forms: preventive and repressive. Preventive protection includes the provision of temporary shelter, access to healthcare services, and basic necessities. Meanwhile, repressive protection is applied in cases of legal violations targeting refugees, such as violence or human trafficking. These efforts indicate that although Indonesia is not legally bound by international instruments, the country continues to fulfill its humanitarian obligations to safeguard the fundamental rights of refugees, despite facing challenges such as limited budgets and local community resistance. Keywords: Rohingya, Refugees, Legal Protection

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