Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Perawat Praktik Mandiri Atas Kerugian Pasien Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan. (Legal Accountability of Independent Practice Nurses for Patient Losses in Healthcare Services).

Firmansyah, Azriel eko (2025) Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Perawat Praktik Mandiri Atas Kerugian Pasien Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan. (Legal Accountability of Independent Practice Nurses for Patient Losses in Healthcare Services). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Dalam praktik mandiri, perawat rentan melakukan kelalaian medis tindakan kurang hati-hati atau menyimpang dari standar profesi yang dapat menimbulkan malpraktik dan merugikan pasien, mulai dari cedera hingga kematian, terutama bila perawat melakukan tindakan medis tanpa pelimpahan kewenangan dokter, Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengkaji konsep pengaturan Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Perawat Praktik Mandiri Atas Kerugian Pasien Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan melalui ranah pidana, perdata, dan administratif, agar tercipta kepastian hukum bagi pasien dan pedoman yang jelas bagi perawat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) serta pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Perawat Praktik Mandiri beroperasi dalam tiga kerangka hukum utama. Secara pidana, mereka wajib mematuhi standar profesi, standar pelayanan, prosedur operasional, dan kode etik kelalaian yang merugikan pasien menimbulkan personal liability dan dapat dipidana. Di ranah perdata, hubungan terapeutik sehingga memicu kewajiban ganti rugi. Sementara itu, secara administratif praktik mandiri hanya sah jika perawat memiliki STRP dan SIPP yang diterbitkan oleh Konsil Keperawatan dan pemerintah daerah, serta kewenangan klinis yang melekat lewat atribusi atau pelimpahan mandat sesuai. Pertanggungjawaban hukum PPM terhadap dugaan kelalaian yaitu PPM harus dapat membuktikan bahwa Tindakan pelayananya sesuai dengan SPM, SD, SOP. Pelanggaran yang dilakukan PPM diancam dengan sanksi pidana dan/atau Ganti kerugian sebagaimana di atur dalam pasal 440 UU Kesehatan dan pasal 474 KUHP dan PMH dalam 1365 BW. Secara administratif terhadap pelanggaran etik dapat dijatuhkan sanksi teguran hingga pencabutan SIPP, Secara normatif, mekanisme pertanggungjawaban hukum atas kerugian pasien akibat kelalaian perawat praktik mandiri belum diatur secara rinci dalam perundang undangan Kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Perawat Praktik Mandiri, Pertanggungjawaban,Hukum Kesehatan

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