Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Tawanan Perang Dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina Berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam. (Legal Protection for Prisoners of War in the Israel-Palestine Conflict Based on International Humanitarian Law and Islamic Law).

Jawanta, Hira'Syaud (2024) Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Tawanan Perang Dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina Berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam. (Legal Protection for Prisoners of War in the Israel-Palestine Conflict Based on International Humanitarian Law and Islamic Law). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 2945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Konflik Israel-Palestina pada tahun 2023 mengakibatkan banyak korban, termasuk tawanan perang yang kerap mengalami perlakuan tidak manusiawi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlindungan hukum terhadap tawanan perang berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam. Berdasarkan latar belakang yang ada, timbulah permasalahan yang harus ditelaah, seperti 1. Bagaimana prinsip perlindungan terhadap tawanan perang dalam konflik Israel-Palestina berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam?, 2. Bagaimana pembaharuan hukum terhadap tawanan perang pada konflik Israel-Palestina?. Penelitian ini metode penelitian hukum normatif, studi ini membandingkan prinsip perlindungan tawanan perang dari kedua sistem hukum tersebut, mengevaluasi pelanggaran yang terjadi, serta menelaah implikasi hukumnya. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya persamaan, seperti prinsip perlakuan manusiawi terhadap tawanan perang, dan perbedaan terkait sistem kodifikasi hukum, Hukum Humaniter Internasional dikodifikasi melalui konvensi dan protokol, sementara Hukum Islam tidak tersusun secara sistematis. Pelanggaran mencolok ditemukan, termasuk penyiksaan terhadap tawanan oleh Israel dan penahanan anak-anak oleh Palestina, yang melanggar prinsip hukum kedua sistem. Mekanisme internasional seperti mahkamah pidana Internasional (ICC) atau mahkamah ad hoc menjadi opsi untuk mengadili pelanggaran ini, meski menghadapi tantangan, seperti penolakan yurisdiksi ICC oleh Israel. Untuk pembaharuan hukum, Hukum islam memberikan prinsip tambahan yang dapat memperkuat hukum humaniter internasional, salah satunya adalah pentingnya memberikan makanan layak kepada tawanan, hal ini ini diperlukan untuk mengisi kekosongan aturan, menciptakan keadilan, dan menyesuaikan norma yang ada dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkuat perlindungan hukum humaniter internasional, mendorong reformasi hukum yang lebih efektif, dan meningkatkan kesadaran global tentang pentingnya perlakuan manusiawi terhadap tawanan perang, sebagai langkah menuju perdamaian berkelanjutan dalam konflik Israel-Palestina.

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