Syarat Pendirian Rumah Ibadat di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. (Requirements for the Establishment of Houses of Worship in Indonesia from a Human Rights Perspective).

Istriani, Istriani (2023) Syarat Pendirian Rumah Ibadat di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. (Requirements for the Establishment of Houses of Worship in Indonesia from a Human Rights Perspective). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

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Abstract

Hak kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan merupakan salah satu hak asasi manusia yang bersifat non derogable rights. Hak beribadat dan mendirikan rumah ibadat merupakan manifestasi dari hak beragama. Negara mempunyai kewajiban untuk menghormati dengan membiarkan dan tidak mengganggu hak kebebasan beragama warganya. Di Indonesia, setiap warga yang akan mendirikan rumah ibadat wajib izin sebagaimana diatur dalam PBM No.9 dan No.8 Tahun 2006. Terdapat syarat administratif yang wajib dipenuhi yaitu syarat minimal 90 pengguna rumah ibadat diwilayah setempat dan adanya 60 dukungan warga setempat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan pendeketan historis. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketidaksesuaian antara syarat administratif dalam izin pendirian rumah ibadat berdasarkan perspektif hak asasi manusia dan untuk mengetahui aturan pendirian rumah ibadat bagi agama yang tidak diakui di Indonesia. Syarat administratif dalam PBM No.9 dan No.8 Tahun 2006 bertentangan dengan sifat non derogable rights dan prinsip hak kebebasan beragama yaitu prinsip universal, kemelekatan, dan non diskriminasi karena menyamaratakan syaratnya tanpa melihat kondisi masyarakat Indonesia yang terdiri atas agama mayoritas dan minoritas. Perizinan termasuk perbuatan hukum publik bersegi satu sehingga syarat persetujuan 60 warga tidak sesuai dengan teori hukum administrasi karena melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat. Hingga saat ini belum ada aturan pendirian rumah ibadat bagi kelompok penganut agama yang tidak diakui.

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